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哮喘 Asthma关于机制和典型症状

2018-04-17 来源:过敏性哮喘、哮喘疾病常识   标签: 掌上医生 喝茶减肥 一天瘦一斤 安全减肥 cps联盟 美容护肤
摘要:如果病人用药后效果不佳,先要了解是否正确使用,再考虑使用spacer避免药物没吸入气管内,最后考虑是否遵医嘱用药了。
哮喘一般诊断都是儿童青少年,很少有中老年才确诊诊断为哮喘的。
 
Asthma most likely to be diagnosed at young patients, and not common to be first diagnosed among senior patients.

关于机制和典型症状
 
For path and typical symptoms/signs, please refer to the image above.
 
诊断 Dx
 
Albuterol:沙丁胺醇 (短效的β激动剂)
 
Increase in FEV of more than 12% with the use of Albuterol
 
Decrease in FEV1 of more than 20% with the use of methacholine or histamine
 
For the flow chart above, the FEV1/FVC decrease of PFTS means OLD.
 
A bronchial challenge test is a medical test used to assist in the diagnosis of asthma.
 
The patient breathes in nebulized methacholine or histamine. Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively. Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways. Whereas histamine causes nasal and bronchial mucus secretion and bronchoconstriction via the H1 receptor, methacholine utilizes the M3 receptor for bronchoconstriction.

治疗 Tx
 
如果病人用药后效果不佳,先要了解是否正确使用,再考虑使用spacer避免药物没吸入气管内,最后考虑是否遵医嘱用药了。
 
Use inhaler properly? Then consider Spacer to make sure the medication getting into their lungs instead of mouth. Then consider Medcation adherence.
 
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